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Which of the following is not included in Eminent Domain?

  1. Exercising of zoning authority

  2. Acquisition of private property for public use

  3. Government compensation for taken property

  4. Taking land for infrastructure improvements

The correct answer is: Exercising of zoning authority

The correct answer is related to the concept of eminent domain, which allows the government to take private property for public use, provided that fair compensation is given to the owner. This process is fundamentally tied to the public good, such as building roads or schools, which are covered under the acquisition of private property for public use and taking land for infrastructure improvements. In these cases, property owners are entitled to compensation for their loss. Zoning authority, however, refers to the regulation of land use and development through designated zoning laws and ordinances. This does not involve taking property through eminent domain actions, which specifically pertain to the forced acquisition of land. The act of exercising zoning authority is about controlling how land is used rather than taking ownership, making it not part of the eminent domain process. Thus, it is correct to say that exercising zoning authority is not included in the eminent domain framework.